人工育苗条件下舟山牙鲆仔稚鱼的摄食与生长

在人工育苗条件下,对0~36日龄舟山本地牙鲆仔稚幼鱼的摄食形为和生长特性进行了研究。水温19~22℃时,初孵仔鱼~15 d属于仔鱼期,16~35 d为稚鱼期,36 d起转为幼鱼期。牙鲆全长与日龄的关系式为Y=1.028 2 0.7011x-0.018 4x2 0.000 6x3,R2=0.992;肛前长与日龄的关系式为Y=0.179 7 0.371 7x-0.012 1x2 0.000 2x3,R2=0.960;体高与日龄的关系式为Y=0.615 6-0.069 6x 0.022 4x2 0.000 3x3,R2=0.988。舟山本地牙鲆孵化后3 d开始开口摄食,试验用生物饵料为轮虫、卤虫无节幼体、配合饵料。在仔鱼阶段其摄食率为25%~100%,饱食率为25%~80%;到稚幼鱼阶段摄食率均达到100%,饱食率90%。摄食高峰基本出现在白天,属白天摄食类型,稚鱼期会出现早晨与黄昏二个摄食高峰,稚鱼期晚上基本不摄食。舟山本地牙鲆饱食时间随生长发育增加而缩短,消化时间随生长发育而增长。研究结果表明,除培育水温较北方牙鲆培育水温高而使生长发育较快外,摄食特性没有太大的差异。     

牙鲆稚鱼对几种化学消毒剂的敏感性研究

研究了6种化学消毒剂对牙鲆Paralichthys olivaceus稚鱼的最低致死浓度范围、死亡速度、半致死浓度（LC50）和安全浓度。牙鲆稚鱼对6种化学消毒剂的敏感性依次为：孔雀石绿＞次氯酸钠＞二氧化氯＞净水剂1号＞硫酸铜合剂＞高锰酸钾。依据本试验结果，作者对牙鲆疾病防治中消毒剂的使用进行了探讨。     

纳米硒添加剂对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响

在饲料中通过喷洒的方式添加液体纳米硒,测定不同浓度液体纳米硒对褐牙鲆生长性能、耗氧率及排氨率的影响。结果表明:与投喂基础饲料的对照组相比,饲料中添加纳米硒的试验组褐牙鲆的终末体质量、特定生长率及增重率显著提高,其中10 m L/kg组增长最为显著;肝体比、脏体比及肠体比对照组与试验组无显著差异;添加纳米硒可以增强褐牙鲆的耗氧率及排氨率,耗氧率在10 m L/kg时达到最高,排氨率在20 mL/kg时达到最高。     

室内工厂化养殖犬齿牙鲆的生长特性

对室内工厂化养殖的犬齿牙鲆生长特性进行了研究。结果表明,其生长旺盛期在2龄,日生长最快达5.52g/d,第1年平均为1.65g/d,第2年平均为2.34g/d,第3年平均为1.3g/d,第4年平均为0.75g/d。养殖1周年其平均体重可达600g左右,两周年达1500g;其全长和体重的关系为W=0.0076TL3.1785(R2=0.9765),全长与体高和标准体长的关系分别为TL=2.5685BD-0.6594(R2=0.9823),TL=1.1957SL-0.1724(R2=0.9922)     

牙鲆人工育苗试验

2000年12月20日至2001年2月15日在日本静冈栽培中心进行牙鲆人工育苗试验。4.3万粒受精卵经50多h后，共计孵出仔鱼2.9万尾。在水温17-18℃，pH8.0-8.2，海水比重1.021的条件下，经55d培育，共育出平均全长25mm的鱼苗1.6万尾，育苗成活率的55%。     

复合诱食剂对牙鲆摄食生长的影响

以初始体质量为(3.01±0.04)g的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)为实验对象,进行为期70 d的摄食生长实验。共配制5种等氮等能饲料,其中以鱼粉和豆粕为蛋白源(豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白)配制出基础饲料,分别在基础饲料中添加0.0%、0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的复合诱食剂配制成4种豆粕取代饲料,同时以全鱼粉饲料为对照饲料,研究复合诱食剂对牙鲆摄食生长的影响。结果表明,当豆粕取代饲料中诱食剂添加量为1.0%时,牙鲆的摄食率(P<0.05)、饲料效率(P<0.05)、鱼体脂肪含量(P<0.01)以及肝脏、肠胰蛋白酶活力和肠氨肽酶活力(P<0.01)显著高于不添加诱食剂组;当豆粕取代饲料中诱食剂的添加量为0.0%和0.5%时,牙鲆的特定生长率显著低于全鱼粉组(P<0.05);而当添加量为1.0%和1.5%时,牙鲆的特定生长率与全鱼粉组比较没有出现显著差异(P>0.05)。结论认为,当以豆粕蛋白替代45%的鱼粉蛋白时,添加1.0%的复合诱食剂能够显著提高牙鲆幼鱼对饲料的摄食率和生长率。     

Effect of artemia nauplii enriched with vitamin A palmitate on hypermelanosis on the blind side in juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT:   The effect of Artemia nauplii enriched with different level of vitamin A (VA) palmitate (1 µg = 1 IU) on the occurrence of hypermelanosis on the blind side of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus was determined. Artemia were enriched with 0, 1, 2, 5 or 10 mg VA palmitate/L (control group, and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-mg groups). The enriched Artemia were fed to the larvae from 27 to 31 days post hatching (dph) corresponding to the F–G stage. VA palmitate, retinol and retinoic acid (RA) contents of Artemia were correlatively elevated with increasing VA palmitate in the culture medium. RA was detected in Artemia enriched with 5 mg and 10 mg, and a significantly high frequency of hypermelanosis on the blind side was observed in these groups at 65 dph ( P  < 0.05). These results suggest that RA synthesized from VA palmitate in Artemia could induce hypermelanosis on blind side of flounder when Artemia are enriched with more than 5 mg VA palmitate/L.     

IGF-I及其受体基因在牙鲆胚胎发育过程中的表达图式

胰岛素样生长因子-I(insulin-like growth factor I, IGF-I)是脊椎动物生长发育的重要调控因子, 其生物学功能主要通过与其特异的膜受体(IGF-I receptor, IGF-IR)结合而调节。因此, IGF-I及其受体表达特征的分析对于阐述IGF系统调控的发育过程具有重要的意义。本研究采用荧光实时PCR方法, 以不同发育时期的牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)胚胎为材料, 分析了胰岛素样生长因子-I(IGF-I)及其两种受体基因在鱼类胚胎发育过程中的表达图式。结果显示, 牙鲆IGF-I、IGF-IR-1和IGF-IR-2基因均有母源转录本, 且各基因的表达在胚胎发育的不同阶段具有明显的发育性变化。IGF-I 基因在早期胚胎发育阶段仅有少量的mRNA存在, 而合子基因的表达在晶体出现至出膜前阶段逐步增加。两种IGF-I 受体基因则展现出迥然不同的表达时序。IGF-IR-1 基因在受精卵、卵裂及囊胚期的早期胚胎发育中有相对较少的转录本, 至原肠期其合子基因强烈表达, 且在神经胚、晶体出现、心跳和出膜前各阶段均有高量的表达; 相反, IGF-IR-2 基因在受精卵至原肠期的早期胚胎中有丰富的转录本, 但合子基因的表达在后期胚胎形成中却相对降低, 暗示了二者可能在调节牙鲆胚胎发育中起着不同的作用。

     

Effects of high dose of vitamin A on reproduction and egg quality of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A on reproduction and egg quality in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus . Broodstock were fed experimental pellets containing two levels of vitamin A [11 × 10³ IU/100 g (control diet; CD), 337 × 10³ IU/100 g (experimental diet; ED)] for approximately 2 months before spawning and during the spawning period. Two groups of five females (average weight 1.4 kg) and 10 males (average weight 0.7 kg) were randomly allocated to two 30 m³ indoor tanks. Total egg production of the CD group was slightly higher than the ED group. Percentage of buoyant eggs and hatching rate of the ED group were significantly higher than the CD. In other egg quality parameters, such as percentage abnormal larvae and starvation tolerance of larvae, no notable difference was found between these two groups. At the end of the experiment, the skin color of broodstock in the ED group was darker than that of the CD group. Vitamin A content in eggs of the ED group was significantly higher than that of the CD group. However, the difference in vitamin A content in eggs between the ED and CD groups was much smaller than that in the liver of the females between the two groups. These results indicate that feeding broodstock a higher level of vitamin A increases the vitamin A content in eggs but does not affect egg quality in Japanese flounder because excess dietary vitamin A was stored mainly in the broodstocks' liver.